The body fluid compartments change5/10/2023 ![]() Conclusions: 1) All compartments diminished during fasting, but body fat was by far the most affected 2) Total water was low and total body resistance comparatively elevated, but these findings rapidly reversed upon rehydration 3) Exaggerated fat percentage estimates from BIA tests and simultaneous increase in lean body mass estimates suggested that this method was inappropriate for assessing energy compartments in the studied population 4) Patients were not morphologically malnourished after 43 days of fasting however, the prognostic impact of other impairments was not considered in this analysis. At the end of the starvation period, BMI (21.5☒.6 kg/m²) and most anthropometric determinations were still acceptable, suggesting efficient energy and muscle conservation. Water was comparatively low with high total resistance, and these findings rapidly reversed upon the intravenous rapid hydration. TSF findings were much lower and commensurate with other anthropometric results. Initial fat was estimated by BIA as 52.2±5.4% of body weight, and even on the 43rd day it was still measured as 19.7☓.8% of weight. Body fat decreased approximately 60% (BIA and TSF), whereas BMI reduced only 18%. On the last two days of the fast (43rd-44th day) rapid intravenous fluid, electrolyte, and vitamin replenishment were provided before proceeding with realimentation. Only water, intermittent vitamins and electrolytes were ingested, and average weight loss reached 17.9%. The age of the group was 43.3☖.2 years (seven males, one female). Indirect calorimetry was also performed in one occasion. Measurements included body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and bioimpedance (BIA) determinations of water, fat, lean body mass (LBM), and total resistance. In a group of eight hunger strikers who refused alimentation for 43 days, water and energy compartments were estimated, aiming to assess the impact of progressive starvation. On re-induction there was a decrease in total body water with no change in the extracellular fluid content.Prolonged total food deprivation in non-obese adults is rare, and few studies have documented body composition changes in this setting. Total body water and intracellular fluid content were increased at 260 m elevation, while extracellular fluid decreased. This increased plasma volume may have some significance in the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema. Plasma volume was increased after the descent from high altitude and remained high for up to 21 day's study. Total body water, extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, plasma volume, blood pH, PaO 2, PaCO 2 and blood viscosity were determined on exposure at Delhi and on re-induction to high altitude. The drug treatment was started immediately after their landing at high altitude and continued for 2 days only. The subjects were divided into three groups, each of which was treated with either placebo or acetazolamide or spironolactone. After exposure to a low elevation in Delhi (260 m) for 3 weeks they were reinduced to a height of 3500 m. Studies were carried out in 29 healthy young adults in the Indian Army stationed in the plains and posted at an elevation of 3500 m for more than 6 months.
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